Mechanisms of coronavirus cell entry mediated by the viral spike protein.
Identifieur interne : 000175 ( France/Analysis ); précédent : 000174; suivant : 000176Mechanisms of coronavirus cell entry mediated by the viral spike protein.
Auteurs : Sandrine Belouzard [France] ; Jean K. Millet ; Beth N. Licitra ; Gary R. WhittakerSource :
- Viruses [ 1999-4915 ] ; 2012.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Animaux, Coronavirus (), Coronavirus (métabolisme), Glycoprotéine de spicule des coronavirus, Glycoprotéines membranaires (), Glycoprotéines membranaires (métabolisme), Humains, Protéines de fusion virale (), Protéines de fusion virale (métabolisme), Protéines de l'enveloppe virale (), Protéines de l'enveloppe virale (métabolisme), Pénétration virale, Récepteurs viraux (métabolisme), Tropisme viral.
- MESH :
- métabolisme : Coronavirus, Glycoprotéines membranaires, Protéines de fusion virale, Protéines de l'enveloppe virale, Récepteurs viraux.
- Animaux, Coronavirus, Glycoprotéine de spicule des coronavirus, Glycoprotéines membranaires, Humains, Protéines de fusion virale, Protéines de l'enveloppe virale, Pénétration virale, Tropisme viral.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals, Coronavirus (classification), Coronavirus (metabolism), Humans, Membrane Glycoproteins (chemistry), Membrane Glycoproteins (metabolism), Receptors, Virus (metabolism), Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Viral Envelope Proteins (chemistry), Viral Envelope Proteins (metabolism), Viral Fusion Proteins (chemistry), Viral Fusion Proteins (metabolism), Viral Tropism, Virus Internalization.
- MESH :
- chemical , chemistry : Membrane Glycoproteins, Viral Envelope Proteins, Viral Fusion Proteins.
- classification : Coronavirus.
- metabolism : Coronavirus, Membrane Glycoproteins, Receptors, Virus, Viral Envelope Proteins, Viral Fusion Proteins.
- Animals, Humans, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Viral Tropism, Virus Internalization.
Abstract
Coronaviruses are enveloped positive-stranded RNA viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm. To deliver their nucleocapsid into the host cell, they rely on the fusion of their envelope with the host cell membrane. The spike glycoprotein (S) mediates virus entry and is a primary determinant of cell tropism and pathogenesis. It is classified as a class I fusion protein, and is responsible for binding to the receptor on the host cell as well as mediating the fusion of host and viral membranes-A process driven by major conformational changes of the S protein. This review discusses coronavirus entry mechanisms focusing on the different triggers used by coronaviruses to initiate the conformational change of the S protein: receptor binding, low pH exposure and proteolytic activation. We also highlight commonalities between coronavirus S proteins and other class I viral fusion proteins, as well as distinctive features that confer distinct tropism, pathogenicity and host interspecies transmission characteristics to coronaviruses.
DOI: 10.3390/v4061011
PubMed: 22816037
Affiliations:
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Millet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Licitra, Beth N" sort="Licitra, Beth N" uniqKey="Licitra B" first="Beth N" last="Licitra">Beth N. Licitra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Whittaker, Gary R" sort="Whittaker, Gary R" uniqKey="Whittaker G" first="Gary R" last="Whittaker">Gary R. Whittaker</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Viruses</title><idno type="eISSN">1999-4915</idno><imprint><date when="2012" type="published">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Coronavirus (classification)</term><term>Coronavirus (metabolism)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Membrane Glycoproteins (chemistry)</term><term>Membrane Glycoproteins (metabolism)</term><term>Receptors, Virus (metabolism)</term><term>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus</term><term>Viral Envelope Proteins (chemistry)</term><term>Viral Envelope Proteins (metabolism)</term><term>Viral Fusion Proteins (chemistry)</term><term>Viral Fusion Proteins (metabolism)</term><term>Viral Tropism</term><term>Virus Internalization</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Coronavirus ()</term><term>Coronavirus (métabolisme)</term><term>Glycoprotéine de spicule des coronavirus</term><term>Glycoprotéines membranaires ()</term><term>Glycoprotéines membranaires (métabolisme)</term><term>Humains</term><term>Protéines de fusion virale ()</term><term>Protéines de fusion virale (métabolisme)</term><term>Protéines de l'enveloppe virale ()</term><term>Protéines de l'enveloppe virale (métabolisme)</term><term>Pénétration virale</term><term>Récepteurs viraux (métabolisme)</term><term>Tropisme viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Membrane Glycoproteins</term><term>Viral Envelope Proteins</term><term>Viral Fusion Proteins</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus</term><term>Membrane Glycoproteins</term><term>Receptors, Virus</term><term>Viral Envelope Proteins</term><term>Viral Fusion Proteins</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coronavirus</term><term>Glycoprotéines membranaires</term><term>Protéines de fusion virale</term><term>Protéines de l'enveloppe virale</term><term>Récepteurs viraux</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Humans</term><term>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus</term><term>Viral Tropism</term><term>Virus Internalization</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Coronavirus</term><term>Glycoprotéine de spicule des coronavirus</term><term>Glycoprotéines membranaires</term><term>Humains</term><term>Protéines de fusion virale</term><term>Protéines de l'enveloppe virale</term><term>Pénétration virale</term><term>Tropisme viral</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Coronaviruses are enveloped positive-stranded RNA viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm. To deliver their nucleocapsid into the host cell, they rely on the fusion of their envelope with the host cell membrane. The spike glycoprotein (S) mediates virus entry and is a primary determinant of cell tropism and pathogenesis. It is classified as a class I fusion protein, and is responsible for binding to the receptor on the host cell as well as mediating the fusion of host and viral membranes-A process driven by major conformational changes of the S protein. This review discusses coronavirus entry mechanisms focusing on the different triggers used by coronaviruses to initiate the conformational change of the S protein: receptor binding, low pH exposure and proteolytic activation. We also highlight commonalities between coronavirus S proteins and other class I viral fusion proteins, as well as distinctive features that confer distinct tropism, pathogenicity and host interspecies transmission characteristics to coronaviruses.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>France</li></country><region><li>Hauts-de-France</li><li>Nord-Pas-de-Calais</li></region><settlement><li>Lille</li></settlement></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Licitra, Beth N" sort="Licitra, Beth N" uniqKey="Licitra B" first="Beth N" last="Licitra">Beth N. Licitra</name><name sortKey="Millet, Jean K" sort="Millet, Jean K" uniqKey="Millet J" first="Jean K" last="Millet">Jean K. Millet</name><name sortKey="Whittaker, Gary R" sort="Whittaker, Gary R" uniqKey="Whittaker G" first="Gary R" last="Whittaker">Gary R. Whittaker</name></noCountry><country name="France"><region name="Hauts-de-France"><name sortKey="Belouzard, Sandrine" sort="Belouzard, Sandrine" uniqKey="Belouzard S" first="Sandrine" last="Belouzard">Sandrine Belouzard</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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